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Si Satchanalai Historical Park is located on the
bank of the Yom River. It is open daily between 8.30 a.m.-4.30 p.m.
Admission is 40 baht. The ancient town, formerly called Muang Chaliang,
was named Si Satchanalai during the reign of Phra Ruang when a new
administrative centre was established to replace Chaliang. Ruins of 134
monuments have been discovered within the park:
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Sukhothai Historical Park is located 12 kilometres
from town on the Sukhothai-Tak Highway. It is open daily
8.30 a.m. - 4.30 p.m. Ruins of the royal palaces, Buddhist
temples, the city gates, walls, moats, dams, ditches, ponds,
canals, and the water dyke control system, which was the
magical and spiritual centre of the Kingdom, are now preserved
and have been restored by the Fine Arts Department with
the cooperation of UNESCO, not only with a view of fostering
Thailand's national identity but of safeguarding a fine
example of mankind's cultural heritage.
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A sanctuary lying
to the west behind the Royal Palace compound is Wat Mahathat.
It is Sukhothai's largest temple with a customary main Chedi
in lotus-bud shape and a ruined Wihan. Its main Buddha image
(8 metres high) was installed inside a separate building.
On the South stands a pedestal of a large Chedi built up
in steps, the lowest platform is adorned with beautiful
stucco figures of demons, elephants and lions with angles
riding on their backs. Mural painting adorn this Chedi.
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Situated to the north of Wat Mahathat is Wat Chana
Songkhram. Its main sanctuary is a round Singhalese-style chedi. In
front of the chedi exists the base of a viharn and behind the former
stands an ubosot. Bases of twelve small chedis are also visible. Near
Charot Withithong Road is a strange chedi having three bases, one on
top of the other.
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The mondop is 32 metres square and 15 metres high, and the walls are 3
metres thick. There is a passageway in the left inner wall itself
which leads to the above crossbeam. On the ceiling of the passageway
are more than fifty engraved slate slabs illustrating Jataka scenes.
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This temple lies about 500 metres north of San
Luang Gate (northern gate). This sanctuary, formerly a Khmer-Hindu
shrine but later converted into a Buddhist monastery, is surrounded by
a moat. It is second in importance to Wat Mahathat. Inside, there are
three prangs like Wat Si Sawai, but the southern and the central ones
have crumbled leaving only the northern one decorated with stucco
figures. In front of these prangs are a viharn and a crumbled chedi;
the later has a pedestal decorated with stucco seated Buddha images. A
mondop contains Buddha images in four postures; sitting, reclining,
standing, and walking. They are now all in ruins. A Sivalinga
(Phallic emblem of Hindu gods) was unearthed in the compound of this
sanctuary.
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Situated to the east of Wat Mahathat is Wat
Traphang Thong. The monastery is located on an island in the middle of
a large pond. A ruined laterite Singhalese-style chedi is on the
island. In front of it, a new mondop contains the Lord Buddha’s
Footprint slab that was created by King Lithai in 1390 on Samanakut or
Phra Bat Yai Hill. This footprint was removed to the new mondop some
years ago. An annual fair to worship this sacred Lord Buddha’s
Footprint takes place at the same time as the Loi Krathong Festival.
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Situated to the
west of Wat Mahathat is Wat Traphang-Ngoen with its
square pedestal, main sanctuary, and stucco standing Buddha
image in four niches. There is a Wihan in front, and in
the east of the pond, there is an island with an Ubosot.
This edifice has already crumbled and only its pedestal
and laterite columns still remain.
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Situated among
magnificent scenery southwest of Wat
Mahathat is Wat
Si-Sawai. Three Prangs (pagodas) of Lop Buri or Hindu-style
and two Wihans are surrounded by a laterite wall. The ruin
was once a Hindu shrine, but was later converted into a
Buddhist monastery.
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Wat Chang Lom is an important monument within the old town of
Si Satchanalai. A huge bell-shaped Chedi supported by 39
elephants, with 4 of them at 4 cardinal points elaborately
decorated, marks the centre of the temple. Above the Chedi's
base, there are niches enshrining images of the Buddha subduing
Mara.
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This is situated on a hill 200 metres high. A pathway of slate slabs leads to the sanctuary yard.
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Situated near Wat Chana Songkhram is Wat Sa Si. Around a
Singhalese-style chedi is the main sanctuary on an island in the middle
of Traphang Trakuan Pond. A large viharn contains a stucco Buddha
image. To the south stands nine chedis of different sizes.
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Wat Chang-Rop is situated in the Aranyik area. A Chedi is decorated with
an elephant emerging from the base. A Wihan base and laterite
columns are in front of the Chedi.
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A mondop enshrines four Buddha images in different
postures: sitting, standing, walking, and reclining. The outer walls
of the mondop still retains a section in the form of a slate
pillar-balustraded window. There is an entrance to the mondop to the
north. Just behind the mondop is a small sanctuary which contains a
Buddha image known locally as Phra Si Ariya Maitreya, the Lord Buddha
of the Future.
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Situated to the
north of Wat Mahathat is the King Ramkhamhaeng Monument.
The bronze statue of King Ramkhamhaeng sits on a throne
with a base relief recording his life.
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Situated to the
north of Wat Mahathat is Wat Mai. The temple, having
a brick Wihan as the main sanctuary, is in Ayutthaya style.
The columns of the Wihan are made of laterite.
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Noen Prasat is where traces of the royal palace
are found. It lies in the centre of the town and is surrounded
by a moat.
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Sangkhalok is the name of ceramic wares produced
in the old city of Sukhothai. The museum displays the collection of
Sangkhalok and ceramic wares produced some 700 years ago in the Lanna
Kingdom (now the northern region of Thailand). The museum is just one
kilometre from town on the road to Phitsanulok. It is open daily from 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Admission is 100 baht for adults and 20 baht for children.
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Si Satchanalai National Park has a total area of 213 square kilometres.
It covers areas in Amphoe Si Satchanalai and Amphoe Thung
Saliam of Sukhothai Province. It was proclaimed a National
park on 8 May, 1981.
The Park's geography
is mainly high, undulating mountains by a tropical jungle.
Interesting tourist sport in the park include Tat Dao and
Tat Duan Waterfalls, about 3 kilometres and 500 metres from
the park headquarters, respectively. The park also has a
hot spring, Khangkhao Cave, and Thara Wasan Cave.
Si Satchanalai
National Park can be reached by car. From Amphoe Si Satchanalai,
take the Si Satchanalai-Ban Kaeng-Huai Yuak route for 41
kilometres. Then 5 kilometres before the intersection to
Ban Yuak, there is a right-hand road which you take for
another 2 kilometres to the park headquarters.
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Celadon Kiln Site Study and Conservation Center is located at Ban
Ko Noi, some 4 kilometres to the north of Si Satchanalai.
More than 500 kilns have been excavated up to now. Numerous
celadon wares in perfect condition as well as potsherds
have been discovered. The kiln is oval in shape with a curved
roof and is 7-8 metres wide.
The centre consists
of 2 buildings situated on the kiln site area with 2 kilns
Nos. 42 and 61 exhibited on site. There are also exhibitions
on artifacts and on the evolution of ancient ceramic wares.
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Sawankhaworanayok National Museum is 38 kilometres from Sukhothai and
2 kilometres further on a road on the left. The museum features
sculptural art from various periods; the most interesting
being Sukhothai era and Sangkhalok items retrieved form
sunken vessels in the Gulf of Thailand. lt is open daily
except Monday, Tuesdays and public holidays, from 8.30 a.m.
- 4.00 p.m. Entry fee is 30 baht per person. For more information
Tel; (055) 641571
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This exquisite
national park with a combined natural and historical background
covers an area of 314 square kilometers, and was declared
to be a national park on 27 October, 1980.
High hills and
steep cliffs some over 1,200 meters above sea level, together
with fascinating falls, different species to plants and
wildlife are some of the major attractions available in
this park offered to nature loving tourists or visitors.
Furthermore, the archaeological and historical sites with
ancient remains and relics make the park even more attractive,
especially for critics and theologians.
To reach the
park by road, take Highway no. 1 from Bangkok, then at km.
414 (20 kilometres to Sukhothai) take the lest turn along
the laterite road for another 16 kilometres till arriving
at the park's office.
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Wat Chedi-Sung is situated near Wat Traphang Thong Lang. The upper part
of the Chedi is round. The base is constructed in three
tiered stages. This interesting Sukhothai type of Chedi
is of Sivijaya and Singhalese-styles. In front of the Chedi
stands a small Wihan.
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Wat Traphang-Thong-Lang houses a square Mondop which is beautifully decorated by
stucco figures in niches. The southern side portrays the
Lord Buddha flanked by angels. To the west portrays the
Lord Buddha preaching to his father and relatives. The northern
side depicts the episode when the Lord Buddha returned to
preach to his wife. These stucco figures, especially those
on the south side, are masterpieces of Sukhothai art.
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inside the park,
displays gifts from the ex-abbot of Wat Ratchathani and
art objects unearthed in Sukhothai and nearby provinces.
It is open daily from 9.00 a.m. - 4.00 p.m. Admission fee
30 baht. Tel. (055) 612167
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Thuriang Kiln is a site where Sukhothai celadons were made. Kilns exist
in an area measuring 100 by 700 metres. Each kiln is divided
into three sections, the fire area, the pottery baking oven,
and the flue. The pottery found here is usually decorated
by three different painted designs on their bottom: a disc,
a fish, and a flower. Forty-nine kilns and small edifices
are visible. To the north, a pond has been dug into the
stone.
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Phra Mae Ya Shirne is situated in front of the City
Hall and is highly respected by Sukhothai residents. It
houses an idol of Phra Mae Ya, a stone figure with a white
face and long hair, and dressed as an ancient queen. The
idol is about 1 metre high and is supposed to have been
built during King Ramkhamhaeng's reign as a dedication to
his late mother Nang Suang.
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